Author: Sebastian Schreckenbach Type: Hardcover, 876 pages Year: 2011
• Use step-by-step instructions to increase the efficiency of your daily work • Learn from hundreds of screenshots and numerous checklists • Discover tips and tricks for both routine and special activities
This administrator's guide explains the tasks that you have to accomplish in order to master the administration of SAP systems. Click-by-click and with numerous screenshots, you will learn about all work processes that are relevant to everyday practice: routine and special tasks, administration with SAP Solution Manager, and the administration of operating systems, databases, and authorizations. The book is based on SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP 7.0/7.1, and is applicable to users of earlier and later releases.
Routine and Special Administration Tasks Learn about every administration task, from daily jobs to system recovery steps that must be performed after a serious system failure.
Practical Knowledge Benefit from descriptions that focus on real-life duties, with background information that will help you to better accomplish your tasks.
Detailed Click-by-Click Instructions Explore detailed step-by-step instructions, illustrated by screenshots. This enables you to easily understand the processes and reproduce them in your system.
Checklists, Transactions, Forms, and More Download all checklists—for critical tasks or for a security strategy—from the book. The appendices also contain helpful lists with transactions and tables, as well as predefined forms.
Highlights • Security administration • User administration • Database administration • Network administration • Operating system administration • Output management • System maintenance • Change and transport management • Performance • Diagnostics and troubleshooting • Disaster recovery
The Author Sebastian Schreckenbach has worked with SAP software for many years, and is currently an SAP Basis administrator for the city administration of Dresden, Germany. His work focuses on user administration and authorization management.
Table of Contents ... Introduction ... 17 1 ... Fundamentals of SAP System Administration ... 23 1.1 ... Tasks of a System Administrator ... 23 1.2 ... Guiding Principles for System Administrators ... 25 1.3 ... Definitions ... 32 1.4 ... Summary ... 34 2 ... SAP System Administration ... 35 2.1 ... Starting and Stopping the SAP System ... 35 2.1.1 ... Starting the SAP System ... 36 2.1.2 ... Stopping the SAP System ... 41 2.2 ... Instances and Operation Modes ... 46 2.3 ... Maintaining Profile Parameters ... 62 2.4 ... Specific Monitoring Transactions ... 70 2.4.1 ... System Log ... 70 2.4.2 ... ABAP Dump Analysis ... 73 2.4.3 ... Checking the Application Servers and Work Processes ... 77 2.4.4 ... Lock Entries ... 80 2.4.5 ... Canceled Update Requests ... 83 2.5 ... System Messages ... 87 2.6 ... Connections ... 89 2.6.1 ... RFC Destinations ... 90 2.6.2 ... SAP Gateway Monitor ... 97 2.6.3 ... SAPconnect ... 99 2.6.4 ... Message Server Monitor ... 103 2.6.5 ... Internet Communication Framework ... 104 2.6.6 ... ICM Monitor ... 108 2.7 ... Client Administration ... 109 2.7.1 ... Creating Clients ... 110 2.7.2 ... Copying Clients ... 114 2.7.3 ... Deleting Clients ... 129 2.7.4 ... Checking the Client Copy Log ... 132 2.8 ... System Copy ... 133 2.8.1 ... Database Copy of the Production System ... 134 2.8.2 ... Client Copy with Data ... 135 2.8.3 ... Client Copy without Data ... 135 2.9 ... Summary ... 136 3 ... System Monitoring ... 137 3.1 ... The CCMS Alert Monitor ... 137 3.2 ... System Monitoring with the Standard CCMS Alert Monitor ... 138 3.3 ... Adapting the CCMS Monitor Sets ... 148 3.3.1 ... Hiding Monitor Sets ... 148 3.3.2 ... Defining a New Monitor Set ... 153 3.3.3 ... Adding a Monitor to a Monitor Set ... 156 3.3.4 ... Deleting a Monitor from a Monitor Set ... 159 3.3.5 ... Changing Alert Threshold Values ... 163 3.4 ... Auto-Reaction Methods ... 167 3.4.1 ... Changing an Auto-Reaction Method ... 168 3.4.2 ... Assigning an Auto-Reaction Method to a Monitor Object ... 173 3.5 ... Summary ... 178 4 ... System Administration with SAP Solution Manager ... 179 4.1 ... Functional Spectrum of SAP Solution Manager ... 179 4.2 ... Maintaining the System Landscape ... 181 4.2.1 ... Creating a Server ... 182 4.2.2 ... Creating a Database ... 184 4.2.3 ... Creating a System ... 186 4.3 ... Solutions ... 201 4.3.1 ... Creating a Solution ... 202 4.3.2 ... Activating and Deactivating Solutions ... 206 4.3.3 ... Self-Diagnosis ... 208 4.4 ... System Administration ... 211 4.4.1 ... Central System Administration ... 211 4.4.2 ... Central System Monitoring ... 227 4.4.3 ... SAP EarlyWatch Alert ... 240 4.5 ... Maintenance Optimizer ... 256 4.6 ... Summary ... 268 5 ... Scheduled Tasks ... 269 5.1 ... Critical Tasks ... 270 5.1.1 ... Check Whether the SAP System Is Running ... 270 5.1.2 ... Checks to Determine Whether Your Backups Have Been Successful ... 270 5.2 ... Daily Tasks ... 274 5.2.1 ... Critical Tasks ... 274 5.2.2 ... SAP System ... 275 5.2.3 ... Database ... 277 5.2.4 ... Operating System ... 277 5.2.5 ... Other ... 278 5.3 ... Weekly Tasks ... 278 5.3.1 ... SAP System ... 278 5.3.2 ... Database ... 279 5.3.3 ... Operating System ... 279 5.3.4 ... Other ... 280 5.3.5 ... Overview of Transactions ... 280 5.4 ... Monthly Tasks ... 281 5.4.1 ... SAP System, Database, Operating System, Other ... 281 5.4.2 ... Checking Consumable Items ... 283 5.5 ... Quarterly Tasks ... 284 5.5.1 ... SAP System ... 284 5.5.2 ... Database ... 285 5.5.3 ... Operating System ... 286 5.5.4 ... Other ... 286 5.6 ... Annual Tasks ... 287 5.6.1 ... SAP System ... 287 5.6.2 ... Database ... 288 5.6.3 ... Operating System ... 289 5.6.4 ... Other ... 289 5.6.5 ... Overview of Transactions ... 289 5.7 ... Summary ... 292 6 ... Backup and Restore ... 293 6.1 ... Backup ... 293 6.1.1 ... What Has to Be Saved? ... 294 6.1.2 ... Backup Types ... 298 6.1.3 ... Backup Strategy ... 304 6.1.4 ... Strategy Recommendations ... 305 6.2 ... Restore ... 308 6.3 ... Performance ... 310 6.3.1 ... Performance Factors ... 310 6.3.2 ... Backup Performance ... 311 6.3.3 ... Restore Performance ... 313 6.4 ... Summary ... 314 7 ... Disaster Recovery ... 315 7.1 ... Preliminary Considerations ... 315 7.2 ... Planning for an Emergency ... 317 7.2.1 ... Which Measures Apply to Disaster Recovery? ... 317 7.2.2 ... When Should the Disaster Recovery Procedure Begin? ... 318 7.2.3 ... Expected Downtime ... 319 7.2.4 ... Restore Time ... 320 7.2.5 ... Communication in the Event of a Disaster ... 320 7.3 ... Recovery Team and Role Distribution ... 321 7.4 ... Types of Disaster Recovery ... 323 7.5 ... Emergency Scenarios ... 323 7.5.1 ... Damaged Database ... 324 7.5.2 ... Hardware Failure ... 324 7.5.3 ... Complete Loss or Destruction of the Server Facility ... 325 7.6 ... Recovery Script ... 327 7.7 ... Crash Kit ... 329 7.8 ... Testing the Disaster Recovery Procedure ... 333 7.9 ... Minimizing the Risk of Failure ... 335 7.9.1 ... Minimizing the Risk of Human Error ... 335 7.9.2 ... Minimizing Single Points of Failure ... 335 7.10 ... Continuing Business During a System Recovery ... 336 7.11 ... Summary ... 337 8 ... Database Administration ... 339 8.1 ... Planning Database Administration Tasks ... 340 8.1.1 ... Planning Database Tasks ... 340 8.1.2 ... Changing and Deleting Database Tasks ... 344 8.1.3 ... Checking the DBA Planning Calendar ... 347 8.2 ... Checking Database Actions ... 350 8.3 ... Performing a Database Analysis ... 352 8.4 ... Monitoring Database Performance ... 359 8.5 ... Database Administration—DB2 ... 363 8.5.1 ... DB2 Command Line Processor ... 364 8.5.2 ... Starting and Stopping the Database ... 367 8.5.3 ... Executing SQL Statements ... 368 8.5.4 ... Updating and Checking the Database Manager Configuration ... 369 8.5.5 ... Updating and Checking the Database Configuration ... 371 8.5.6 ... Managing Tablespaces and Associated Containers ... 372 8.5.7 ... Backing Up the Database ... 375 8.5.8 ... Restoring the Database ... 377 8.6 ... Database Administration—Oracle ... 379 8.6.1 ... SQL*Plus ... 379 8.6.2 ... Starting and Stopping the Database ... 382 8.6.3 ... Executing SQL Statements and SQL Scripts ... 387 8.6.4 ... Managing the Database ... 389 8.6.5 ... BR*Tools ... 389 8.6.6 ... Checking and Changing the Status of the Database Instance ... 391 8.6.7 ... Checking and Updating the Database Configuration ... 393 8.6.8 ... Managing Tablespaces and Associated Data Files ... 396 8.6.9 ... Backing Up the Database ... 400 8.6.10 ... Restoring the Database ... 404 8.6.11 ... Checking the Database ... 407 8.7 ... Database Administration—Microsoft SQL Server ... 410 8.7.1 ... SQL Management Studio ... 411 8.7.2 ... Starting and Stopping the Database ... 413 8.7.3 ... Files and Logs ... 416 8.7.4 ... Initiating a Backup Process ... 422 8.7.5 ... Setting Up Maintenance Plans for a Backup ... 425 8.7.6 ... Backing Up System Databases ... 431 8.7.7 ... SQL Server Logs ... 434 8.8 ... Database Administration—MaxDB ... 435 8.8.1 ... Database Studio ... 435 8.8.2 ... Starting and Stopping the Database ... 436 8.8.3 ... Database Monitoring ... 438 8.8.4 ... Backing Up the Database ... 443 8.9 ... Summary ... 447 9 ... Operating System Administration ... 449 9.1 ... Checking the Memory Usage of the File System ... 449 9.1.1 ... Monitoring the File System Using the CCMS Alert Monitor ... 450 9.1.2 ... Changing Alert Thresholds ... 452 9.1.3 ... Releasing Memory at the Operating System Level ... 454 9.2 ... Retrieving Operating System Information ... 458 9.3 ... Summary ... 464 10 ... Security Administration ... 465 10.1 ... What Is Security? ... 466 10.1.1 ... Protecting Data Against Damage or Loss ... 466 10.1.2 ... Adhering to Legal or Quasi-Legal Provisions ... 466 10.2 ... Security Levels ... 467 10.2.1 ... Access Security ... 467 10.2.2 ... Operational Security ... 469 10.2.3 ... Data Security ... 470 10.3 ... Safeguarding the SAP System ... 471 10.3.1 ... Preventing Multiple User Logons ... 472 10.3.2 ... Passwords ... 473 10.3.3 ... Limiting Access for SAP* or DDIC Users ... 477 10.3.4 ... Locking Critical Transactions ... 477 10.3.5 ... Preventing Changes in the Production System ... 480 10.3.6 ... Operational Security ... 486 10.4 ... Audits ... 487 10.4.1 ... Auditing Aspects ... 488 10.4.2 ... Auditing Tasks for SAP Administrators ... 489 10.5 ... Auditing Tools ... 491 10.5.1 ... Audit Information System ... 491 10.5.2 ... Security Audit Log ... 493 10.6 ... Summary ... 507 11 ... Performance ... 509 11.1 ... Short-Term Remedy of Performance Problems ... 509 11.2 ... Detailed Analysis of Performance Problems ... 514 11.2.1 ... System Load Analysis ... 515 11.2.2 ... Buffer Analysis ... 520 11.2.3 ... Memory Defragmentation ... 522 11.3 ... Analysis at Other Levels ... 523 11.3.1 ... Analysis at the Database Level ... 523 11.3.2 ... Analysis at the Operating System Level ... 523 11.3.3 ... Analysis at the Hardware Level ... 523 11.4 ... Summary ... 524 12 ... SAP GUI ... 525 12.1 ... Installation Requirements ... 525 12.1.1 ... Minimum Requirements for the User’s PC ... 525 12.1.2 ... Network Functions ... 526 12.2 ... Installation Scenarios ... 526 12.2.1 ... Installing SAP GUI from an Installation Medium ... 527 12.2.2 ... Installing SAP GUI from an Installation Server ... 530 12.3 ... Adding Systems to SAP Logon ... 547 12.4 ... Summary ... 550 13 ... User Administration ... 551 13.1 ... General ... 551 13.2 ... Setting Up New Users ... 554 13.2.1 ... Copying Existing Users ... 554 13.2.2 ... Creating a New User ... 562 13.3 ... Maintaining Users ... 563 13.4 ... Mass Changes ... 563 13.5 ... Resetting the Password ... 566 13.6 ... Locking or Unlocking a User ... 568 13.7 ... Central User Administration ... 571 13.7.1 ... Setting Up a Central User Administration ... 571 13.7.2 ... Creating and Maintaining Users Via a Central User Administration ... 592 13.7.3 ... Troubleshooting ... 596 13.7.4 ... Deactivating or Deleting a Central User Administration ... 599 13.8 ... User Groups ... 608 13.9 ... Deleting User Sessions ... 610 13.9.1 ... Displaying Active Users ... 610 13.9.2 ... Deleting User Session ... 612 13.10 ... System Administration ... 613 13.10.1 ... Special User IDs ... 613 13.10.2 ... Special Authorizations ... 614 13.10.3 ... User Passwords ... 615 13.11 ... Summary ... 616 14 ... Authorization Management ... 617 14.1 ... Authorization Check Process ... 618 14.2 ... Authorization Roles ... 618 14.2.1 ... Creating and Maintaining Single Roles ... 619 14.2.2 ... Creating and Maintaining Composite Roles ... 629 14.3 ... Authorization Profiles ... 636 14.4 ... Utilities for Authorization Management ... 640 14.4.1 ... Default Values and Check Indicators ... 640 14.4.2 ... Authorization Trace ... 645 14.4.3 ... Infosystem Authorizations ... 650 14.5 ... Summary ... 652 15 ... Background Processing ... 653 15.1 ... Creating Background Jobs ... 653 15.1.1 ... General ... 654 15.1.2 ... Creating and Scheduling Background Jobs ... 655 15.2 ... Monitoring Background Jobs ... 662 15.3 ... Graphical Job Scheduling Monitor ... 665 15.4 ... Performance Factors for Background Jobs ... 666 15.5 ... Summary ... 669 16 ... Output Management ... 671 16.1 ... Setting Up the Spool Servers ... 671 16.2 ... Setting up Printers ... 675 16.2.1 ... Configuring Network Printers ... 675 16.2.2 ... Setting up Frontend Printers ... 681 16.2.3 ... Transporting Output Devices ... 684 16.3 ... Outputting Data ... 686 16.4 ... Output Control ... 688 16.5 ... Deleting Old Spool Requests ... 695 16.6 ... Checking the Spool Consistency ... 696 16.7 ... Checking the TemSe Consistency ... 697 16.8 ... Summary ... 699 17 ... Change and Transport Management ... 701 17.1 ... General Notes on Change Management ... 702 17.2 ... Transporting Objects ... 704 17.2.1 ... Creating a Transport Request ... 705 17.2.2 ... Recording Changes in a Transport Request ... 708 17.2.3 ... Releasing a Transport Request ... 710 17.2.4 ... Importing Transport Requests ... 713 17.2.5 ... Checking the Transport Log ... 719 17.3 ... Direct Table Maintenance ... 721 17.4 ... Summary ... 725 18 ... System Maintenance ... 727 18.1 ... Downloading SAP Support Packages ... 728 18.1.1 ... Determining the System’s Current Support Package Level ... 729 18.1.2 ... Finding Support Packages ... 734 18.1.3 ... Downloading Support Packages ... 748 18.2 ... Important Notes on Preparing and Executing System Maintenance ... 751 18.3 ... Performing a Kernel Update ... 752 18.3.1 ... Kernel Backup ... 753 18.3.2 ... Unpacking a New Kernel ... 753 18.3.3 ... Stopping the SAP System ... 755 18.3.4 ... Replacing Kernel Files ... 755 18.3.5 ... Starting the SAP System and Checking the Logs ... 756 18.4 ... Applying the SPAM/SAINT Update ... 757 18.5 ... Importing ABAP Support Packages ... 761 18.5.1 ... Making the Support Packages Available ... 762 18.5.2 ... Importing the Support Packages ... 766 18.5.3 ... Performing a Modification Adjustment ... 778 18.5.4 ... Regenerating Objects ... 779 18.5.5 ... Performing Regression Tests ... 783 18.6 ... Installing Add-Ons ... 783 18.7 ... Summary ... 789 19 ... Diagnostics and Troubleshooting ... 791 19.1 ... Basic Procedure ... 791 19.2 ... Troubleshooting with the SAP Support Portal ... 794 19.2.1 ... Searching for SAP Notes with the SAP Support Portal ... 795 19.2.2 ... Customer Messages ... 798 19.3 ... Creating a Remote Service Connection ... 819 19.4 ... Implementing SAP Notes ... 828 19.4.1 ... Checking the System Patch Level ... 830 19.4.2 ... Implementing SAP Notes with the Note Assistant ... 832 19.5 ... Summary ... 836 ... Appendices ... 837 A ... Useful Transactions ... 839 B ... Security-Relevant Transactions ... 845 C ... Useful Tables ... 851 D ... Forms ... 855 E ... Bibliography ... 861 F ... The Author ... 863 ... Index ... 865
Author: Sebastian Schreckenbach